An approach to design compensated ferrimagnetic heusler alloys is established. Structural properties of magnetic heusler alloys iopscience. The database, developed by william butlers group at the university of alabama and prof. Half heusler alloys as promising thermoelectric materials by alexander a. Pdf soft phonon modes in ni2mnga and ni2mnal heusler alloys. Fritz heusler german mining engineer and chemist britannica. Any of a group of ferromagnetic nonferrous alloys typically composed of 1825% manganese, 1025% aluminum, and the balance copper explanation of heusler heusler article about heusler. Magnetic, structural, and transport properties of the heusler alloys co 2 mnsi and nimnsb. Thermodynamics and energy conversion in heusler alloys. Some new applications of ha in spintronics and microelectromagnetic actuators require their preparation in the form of thin films. The method includes combining and arc melting constituent elements of the thermoelectric material to form a liquid alloy of the thermoelectric material and casting the liquid alloy of the thermoelectric material to form a solid casting of the thermoelectric material.
May 30, 2014 ferromagnetic thin films of heusler compounds are highly relevant for spintronic applications owing to their predicted halfmetallicity, that is, 100% spin polarization at the fermi energy. Heusler compounds are a remarkable class of materials with more than. An alloy is a material made by melting one or more metals together with other elements. Simple rules for the understanding of heusler compounds. Heusler alloys are unusual in that they exhibit ferromagnetic ordering without necessarily containing any pure ferromagnetic elements. The discovery of heusler alloys dates back to 1903 when heusler reported that the addition of sp elements al, in, sn, sb or bi turn cumn alloy into a. Halfmetallic heusler alloys are attracting considerable attention because of their unique halfmetallic band structures, which exhibit high spin polarization and yield huge magnetoresistance ratios. Heusler alloys properties, growth, applications claudia felser. Co2mnsi heusler alloy thin films laura jane singh peterhouse cambridge a dissertation submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the university of cambridge. These alloys were interesting because some of them were ferromagnetic even though their constituent atoms were nonferromagnetic as elements. Heusler alloy definition of heusler alloy by merriamwebster. Basics and prospective of magnetic heusler compounds.
A number of cobased heusler alloys are predicted to be halfmetallic ferromagnets that would theoretically provide 100% spin polarisation at the fermi energy. Among the fe 2based heusler alloys, the fe 2crz z is the main group. After years of experimentation, it was found that a typical heusler compound has a face centered cubic fcc structure which comprises, essentially, of an ordered. Frontier institute of science and technology and state key laboratory for mechanical. Some alloys are listed under more than one element, since the composition of the alloy may vary such that one element is present in a higher concentration than the others. The heusler alloys, so named in honor of their discoverer, are composed of copper, manganese and aluminum, and are remarkable for the fact that, in certain proportions, they are ferromagnetic, although the component metals are not ferromagnetic. Substituting the main group element in cobaltiron based heusler alloys. They are named after friedrich heusler, a german mining engineer and chemist, who discovered in 1903 cumnal to be ferromagnetic, although the alloy consists of nonferromagnetic elements. Mechanical properties of heusler alloys sciencedirect.
Design of compensated ferrimagnetic heusler alloys for. Crystals free fulltext creep of heuslertype alloy fe. Nov 14, 2014 the electronic structure and magnetism of the heusler alloys fe2crx x p, as, sb, bi have been investigated by firstprinciples calculations based on density functional theory. Chapter 2 half heusler alloys as thermoelectric materials.
The hope of breakthrough for the data writing was provided by the prediction in 1996. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Especially heusler compounds as halfmetallic ferromagnetic and topological insulators are important in condensed matter science due to their potential in magnetism and as materials for energy conversion. Here, we report on the spincharge conversion effect in the prototypical heusler. The hope of breakthrough for the data writing was provided by the prediction. Properties, growth, applications springer series in materials science book 222 kindle edition by felser, claudia, hirohata, atsufumi. Heusler alloy definition is a magnetic alloy composed of the nonmagnetic metals copper, manganese, and tin approximately in the proportions cu2mnsn. Further investigations showed that the magnetic properties of these alloys are related to their chemical, l2 1, structure, and to the ordering of the manganese atoms on an f. Novel halfmetallic and spingapless heusler compounds by. Since both hamiltonians differ only by the potentials. Young, using molybdenum radiation examined alloys of two different compositions. This feature predicts a discovery of new catalysts, and enables them to substitute each other e. Wo2012087931a2 halfheusler alloys with enhanced figure of.
Received by exchange class university of illinois bulletin vol. He found that one was facecentred cubic, while the other was a mixture of facecentred and bodycentred cubic structures. The term derives from the name of german mining engineer and chemist friedrich heusler, who studied such a compound in 1903. Full text of magnetic properties of heusler alloys see other formats library university of california. Exchange interactions and temperature dependence of. In 1903 heusler 03 h 1 first reported that mncu bronze can be alloyed with sn, al, as, sb, bi or b to produce ferromagnetic alloys even though none of the constituent elements is itself. These heusler alloys present an interesting class of. The electronic structure and magnetism of the heusler alloys fe 2 crx x p, as, sb, bi have been investigated by firstprinciples calculations based on density functional theory. Any of a group of ferromagnetic nonferrous alloys typically composed of 1825% manganese, 1025% aluminum, and the balance copper explanation of heusler. Besides serving as ferromagnetic electrodes, heusler alloys also have the potential to host spincharge conversion. Spincharge conversion in nimnsb heusler alloy films. Halfheusler alloys hh are among the most promising novel thermoelectric te materials intended for midtohigh temperature power generation applications. B at their respective equilibrium lattice constants, which is in good agreement with the slaterpauling rule.
For each of these families, calculations for numerous systems are. In the recent decade, the family of heusler compounds has attracted. Typically, x and y are transition metals in groups 38 and 812, respectively, and z is in group 15. Optimisation of heusler alloy thin films for spintronic devices james sagar submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy the university of york department of physics july 20. Pdf substituting the main group element in cobaltiron. Since the prediction of the half heusler halfmetal nimnsb with 100% spin polarization2,many studies have been devoted to searching for and verifying heuslers with halfmetallicity. Some new applications of ha in spintronics and micro. Heusler alloy article about heusler alloy by the free.
Half heusler alloys for efficient thermoelectric power conversion. A heusler alloy is an intermetallic compound ordered alloy described as x 2 yz with an l2 1 structure. Its magnetism varies considerably with heat treatment and composition. The poscar file can either be constructed using an existing cif file from an online. Development of antiferromagnetic heusler alloys for the. Heusler alloys chris palmstrom research group uc santa. Us20120326097a1 halfheusler alloys with enhanced figure of. Professor ctirad uher, chair assistant professor emmanouil kioupakis associate professor lu li. Novel halfmetallic and spingapless heusler compounds. The crystal structure of the heusler alloys proceedings.
By using elements with large magnetic moments, even a fully disordered structure is found to show either af or ferrimagnetic fi behaviour. Structural properties of magnetic heusler alloys a ayuela, j enkovaara, k ullakko an d r m nieminen laboratory of physics, helsinki university of technology, 02015 espoo, finland materials physics laboratory, helsinki university of technology, 02015 espoo, finland received 16 november 1998 abstract. They are members of the vast family of heusler alloys with the general composition x 2 yz, consisting of three interpenetrating facecentered cubic fcc sublattices space group fm 3. Introduction heusler alloys are known for more than 100 years. The following investigation of the properties of these alloys. These heusler alloys present an interesting class of ferromagnetic materials for spintronic applications since they are predicted to be spin gapless semiconductors and have halfmetallic properties with 100 % spin polarization at the fermi level. Heusler alloy database electrical and computer engineering. The calculations show that all fe2crx alloys are halfmetals with a magnetic moment of 3. Pdf heusler alloys have been a significant topic of research due to their unique. Direct observation of halfmetallicity in the heusler. Herein, the use of scanning transmission electron microscopy to visualize atomic defects directly is described and disordered atomic. Since there is no simple univocal experiment to test for half.
Heusler alloy is also a typical object for studying the ordered atomic configuration and magnetic coupling for intermetallic compounds2. Heusler alloys the heusler compounds are an exciting class of intermetallics due to their ability to adopt a wide range of tunable electrical and magnetic properties, including metallicity, half metallic ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and narrow band gap semiconducting behavior with large thermoelectric power factors. This is an alphabetical list of alloys grouped according to base metal. The discovery of heusler alloys dates back to 1903 when heusler reported that the addition of sp elements al, in, sn, sb or bi turn cumn alloy into a ferromagnetic material even though the alloy contains none of the ferromagnetic elements 37. Pdf mechanical properties of heusler alloys researchgate. Electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties of heusler alloy.
A small lack of compensation produces giant exchange bias and large coercivity. The do 3 and a2type disorders do not affect the halfmetallicity in mn 2 cosi the b2type disorder solely destroys halfmetallicity in mn 2 cosi the a2type disorder most probable to occur out of all three types the total spin magnetic moment strongly depends on the disorder concentrations. The first compound in this class of materials was cu 2 mnal, a discovery made in 1903 by friedrich heusler 202 after whom the system is named. Heusler alloys ha are a class of materials which may be metals, semiconductors or semimetals, most of them being ferromagnets.
Mechanical properties of halfheusler alloys sciencedirect. Phase transformation and magnetic properties of multicomponent heusler type alloys submitted by mine kalkanci in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in metallurgical and materials engineering department, middle east technical university by, prof. Magnetic properties of heusler alloys classic reprint stephenson, edward beattie on. Any of a group of ferromagnetic nonferrous alloys typically composed of 1825% manganese, 1025% aluminum, and the balance copper explanation of heusler alloy. Page a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy physics in the university of michigan 2017 doctoral committee. Here, we report on the spincharge conversion effect in the prototypical heusler alloy nimnsb. The heusler alloys have been repeatedly investigated by means of xrays. This database provides information on three families of heusler alloys, full heuslers a 2 bc, half heuslers abc and inverse heuslers abac. Heusler alloys exhibit slaterpauling behavior where the total magnetic. Magnetic properties of heusler alloys classic reprint. Heusler alloys consist of approximately two parts of copper, one of manganese, and one of tin. It is called a full heusler alloy in a narrow sense, whereas xyz with a c1 b structure is called a half heusler alloy.
There are so many possible sets of x, y,andz figure 2. New heusler compounds in nimnin and nimnsn alloys nature. Therefore, synthesizing and investigating new systems becomes an attractive subject for investigators working in this field. This book gives an overview of the physics of heusler compounds ranging from fundamental properties of these alloys to their applications. The heusler alloys, so named in honor of their discoverr. Structure and magnetic properties of heusler alloy fe niz z. Pdf in the recent decade, the family of heusler compounds has. Heusler alloy, any of the first magnetic alloys composed of metals that, in their pure state, are not magnetic. Optimisation of heusler alloy thin films for spintronic. Abstract heusler alloys, particularly in the family ni2mnz z ga, in, sn and sb and nearby compositions. Pdf in the recent decade, the family of heusler compounds has attracted tremendous. Heusler alloys are properly described as ternary intermetallic compounds and they can disorder in a variety of ways. The calculations show that all fe 2 crx alloys are halfmetals with a magnetic moment of 3.
They are named after friedrich heusler, a german mining engineer and chemist, who discovered in 1903 cumnal to be ferromagnetic. A further analysis of the experimental results reveals a close structural relationship between these two compounds. Half heusler alloys for efficient thermoelectric power. Abstract page 2 abstract heusler alloys are one of the leading candidate material classes for achieving high spin. Avik ghoshs group at the university of virginia, provides information on three families of heusler alloys, full heuslers a2bc, half heuslers abc and inverse heuslers abac. Computational investigation of heusler alloys for spintronic. Heusler article about heusler by the free dictionary. The alloys are named after fritz heusler, 19thcentury german mining engineer and chemist. Magnetic, structural, and transport properties of the heusler. The disordered defects at all atomic sites induce a. Structure and magnetic properties of heusler alloy fe niz. Poon1,a 1 department of physics, university of virginia, charlottesville, virginia 229044714 2 department of physics and astronomy, clemson university, clemson, south carolina 296340978. Co mnsi heusler alloy thin films connecting repositories. Applied physics copyright 2019 spincharge conversion.
The stress exponent n and the activation energy of creep q were determined using the multivariable regression of the creeprate data and their description by means of sinh equation garofalo equation. The most prominent example is the combination of magnetism and exceptional transport properties in spintronic devices. Heusler alloys comprise an extensive family with diverse physical properties1. This book gives an overview of the physics of heusler compounds ranging. Heusler alloys are one of the leading candidate material classes for achieving high spin polarisation.
Novel halfmetallic and spingapless heusler compounds yunlong jin, ph. Hilli suggests,that there is a simple explanation of. However, there are yet to be any reports of this 100% spin polarisation experimentally. Typically, x and y are transition metals in groups 3. The heusler alloys are categorized into two distinct groups by their crystalline structures. Given the energy in 10, it is possible to write down a noninteracting schrodingers. Heusler alloys x2yz are wellestablished intermetallic compound materials in various fields because their function can be precisely adjusted by elemental substitution e. Disorder dependent halfmetallicity in mn 2 cosi inverse.
Creep of an alloy based on the intermetallic compound fe2alco was studied by compressive creep tests in the temperature range from 873 to 1073 k. For each of these families, we provide calculations for numerous systems. Sitepreference, electronic, magnetic, and halfmetal. The heusler alloys, so named in honor of their discoverer, are composed of copper, manganese and aluminum, and are re. Heusler alloys consisting of elements with moderate magnetic moments require perfectly or partially ordered crystalline structures to exhibit af behaviour. Introductionthe heusler alloys, so named in honor of their discoverer, are composed of copper, manganese and aluminum, and are remarkable for the fact that, in certain proportions, they are ferromagnetic, although the component metals are not ferromagnetic. Halfheusler alloys as promising thermoelectric materials. Thermoelectric materials and methods of making thermoelectric materials having a nanometer mean grain size less than 1 micron. Most of the heusler alloys are ferromagnetic, with curie temperatures ranging typically from 200 k to 1100 k. Exchange interactions and temperature dependence of magnetization in halfmetallic heusler alloys e. It contained two parts copper, one part manganese, and one part tin, that is cu 2 mnsn, and has the following properties. Heusler compounds are intermetallics with intriguing magnetic properties. Heusler alloys are named for the german mining engineer and chemist friedrich heusler who investigated cumnal alloys around 1900 1. The tin may be replaced by aluminum, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, or boron.
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